/* ============================================
   PUBLICATIONS READING EXPERIENCE
   Polygraph-style three-layer reader
   (geometry & mechanics ported from
   divides.socialpolicylab.org, on Kanan brand)

   Layers:
   - Overview  (H1)  main column, white chapter cards
   - Analysis  (H2)  Layer-2 panel, 70vw, light surface
   - In-Depth  (H3)  Layer-3 panel, 50vw, stacks on L2
   ============================================ */

/* ============================================
   CSS VARIABLES
   ============================================ */

:root {
    /* Brand + reading tokens (referenced throughout this file but historically
       never defined — the reader was authored against a Figma token set that was
       never wired into the shared stylesheet). Scoped here to avoid polluting the
       global brand/accent token vocabulary in styles-v2.css. */
    --kanan-orange: #db4a2b;   /* brand orange (confirmed sitewide) */
    --kanan-blue: #0a2f52;     /* brand navy */
    --kanan-white: #ffffff;
    --reading-canvas: #faf9f6; /* warm near-white long-form surface */
    --reading-text: #2d2d2d;
    --reading-text-light: #6b6e74;

    /* Accent & reading tokens derived from Figma "Design reading experience" */
    --accent-orange: var(--kanan-orange);

    /* Polygraph-reference surfaces (extracted spec, translated to brand) */
    --pub-card: #ffffff;             /* chapter/section cards + panels */
    --pub-sidebar: #f2efe9;          /* fixed left rail */
    --pub-dim: #f1ece4;              /* per-layer dim overlay (fades to 0.7) */
    --pub-strip: var(--brand-cream); /* "Get the details" strip */
    --pub-border: rgba(10, 47, 82, 0.14);
    --pub-border-subtle: rgba(10, 47, 82, 0.10);
    --pub-gray: #8a8d93;

    /* Publications-specific surface/border tokens (legacy names, kept) */
    --publications-reading-bg: var(--reading-canvas);
    --publications-surface: #ffffff;
    --publications-border-subtle: rgba(10, 47, 82, 0.1);
    --publications-border-subtler: rgba(10, 47, 82, 0.08);
}

/* ============================================
   BODY & PAGE WRAPPER
   ============================================ */

html.publications-html {
    height: auto;
    /* html is the single scroll container; overflow-x:hidden clips the off-screen
       panels. Body must stay overflow:visible so it does NOT become a competing
       scroll container. */
    overflow-y: auto;
    overflow-x: hidden;
    scroll-behavior: smooth;
}

body.publications-page {
    height: auto !important;
    min-height: 100vh;
    overflow: visible;
    background: var(--reading-canvas);
}

body.publications-page .page-wrapper {
    height: auto !important;
    min-height: 100vh;
    overflow: visible;
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
}

/* ============================================
   MAIN READING CONTAINER
   ============================================ */

.reading-container {
    flex: 1;
    position: relative;
    background: var(--publications-reading-bg);
    min-height: 100vh;
}

/* ============================================
   FIXED LEFT SIDEBAR — 22% rail
   (title + contents + reading guide)
   ============================================ */

.toc-sidebar {
    position: fixed;
    top: 0;
    left: 0;
    bottom: 0;
    width: 22%;
    padding: 5.5rem 2rem 2rem 2.2rem;
    background: var(--pub-sidebar);
    overflow-y: auto;
    z-index: 40;
}

.sidebar-header {
    margin-bottom: 2.4rem;
}

.sidebar-header .publication-title {
    font-family: 'Cormorant Garamond', Georgia, serif;
    font-size: 1.7rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    color: var(--kanan-blue);
    line-height: 1.25;
    letter-spacing: -0.01em;
    margin-bottom: 0.9rem;
}

.publication-meta {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 0.15rem;
    font-family: 'Inter', sans-serif;
    font-size: 0.78rem;
    color: var(--reading-text-light);
}

.publication-author::before {
    content: 'By ';
}

/* --- Contents --- */

.toc-nav::before {
    content: 'Contents';
    display: block;
    font-family: 'Telegraf', 'Inter', sans-serif;
    font-size: 0.6875rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: 0.18em;
    color: var(--pub-gray);
    padding-bottom: 0.9rem;
    margin-bottom: 1.2rem;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--pub-border-subtle);
}

/* LineSidebar-style contents (adapted from reactbits.dev/components/line-sidebar,
   ported to vanilla JS). Each .toc-item carries --effect (0..1), eased by a rAF
   lerp in publications.js from cursor proximity — color, shift, marker scale and
   index opacity all read the same value so they move in lockstep. The active
   chapter (IntersectionObserver) pins --effect to 1. Brand mapping: accent =
   Kanan orange, text = charcoal, markers = navy hairlines on the cream rail. */
.toc-list {
    --toc-accent: var(--kanan-orange);
    --toc-text: #3a3d42;
    --toc-marker: rgba(10, 47, 82, 0.30);
    --toc-marker-length: 1.5rem;
    --toc-marker-gap: 0.75rem;
    --toc-max-shift: 10px;
    list-style: none;
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0 0 0 calc(var(--toc-marker-length) + var(--toc-marker-gap));
}

.toc-item {
    position: relative;
    margin-bottom: 1.05rem;
}

.toc-item-row {
    display: flex;
    align-items: baseline;
    gap: 0.8rem;
    transform: translateX(calc(var(--effect, 0) * var(--toc-max-shift)));
}

/* Horizontal marker line, left of the row — scales and warms toward orange
   with proximity. Positioned on the li so it does not shift with the label. */
.toc-item .toc-marker {
    position: absolute;
    top: 0.63rem;
    left: calc(-1 * (var(--toc-marker-length) + var(--toc-marker-gap)));
    height: 1px;
    width: var(--toc-marker-length);
    background-color: color-mix(in srgb,
        var(--toc-accent) calc(var(--effect, 0) * 100%),
        var(--toc-marker));
    transform-origin: left center;
    transform: scaleX(calc(0.7 + var(--effect, 0) * 0.5));
}

/* Short static tick centered in the gap between two chapters; grows slightly
   with proximity (the component's scaleTick behaviour). */
.toc-item:not(:last-child)::after {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    top: calc(100% + 0.525rem);
    left: calc(-1 * (var(--toc-marker-length) + var(--toc-marker-gap)));
    height: 1px;
    width: calc(var(--toc-marker-length) * 0.5);
    background-color: var(--toc-marker);
    opacity: 0.5;
    transform-origin: left center;
    transform: translateY(-50%) scaleX(calc(0.7 + var(--effect, 0) * 0.6));
}

.toc-num {
    font-family: 'Telegraf', 'Inter', sans-serif;
    font-size: 0.72rem;
    color: var(--kanan-orange);
    min-width: 1.1rem;
    flex-shrink: 0;
    opacity: calc(0.55 + var(--effect, 0) * 0.45);
}

.toc-link {
    font-family: 'Inter', sans-serif;
    font-size: 0.875rem;
    color: color-mix(in srgb,
        var(--toc-accent) calc(var(--effect, 0) * 100%),
        var(--toc-text));
    text-decoration: none;
    line-height: 1.45;
}

/* Static fallback (reduced motion / JS engine absent): active still reads */
.toc-item.active {
    --effect: 1;
}

.toc-item.active .toc-link {
    font-weight: 600;
}

/* H2 sub-items — always open; the proximity effect stays on the chapter rows */
.toc-sub {
    list-style: none;
    display: block;
    margin: 0.55rem 0 0 1.7rem;
    padding: 0;
}

.toc-sub li {
    margin-bottom: 0.45rem;
}

.toc-sub a {
    font-family: 'Inter', sans-serif;
    font-size: 0.8rem;
    color: var(--reading-text-light);
    text-decoration: none;
}

.toc-sub a:hover {
    color: var(--kanan-blue);
}

/* --- Reading guide (below Contents) --- */

.reading-guide {
    margin-top: 2.8rem;
    padding-top: 1.6rem;
    border-top: 1px solid var(--pub-border-subtle);
}

.reading-guide summary {
    cursor: pointer;
    font-family: 'Telegraf', 'Inter', sans-serif;
    font-size: 0.6875rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: 0.15em;
    color: var(--kanan-orange);
    line-height: 1.3;
}

.guide-heading {
    font-family: 'Cormorant Garamond', Georgia, serif;
    font-size: 1.3rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    color: var(--kanan-blue);
    margin: 1rem 0 0.4rem;
}

.guide-layer {
    display: flex;
    align-items: flex-start;
    padding: 0.55rem 0;
}

.guide-diagram {
    position: relative;
    flex: 0 0 3.6rem;
    height: 2rem;
    margin-top: 0.2rem;
}

.guide-layer-name {
    font-family: 'Inter', sans-serif;
    font-size: 0.8rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    color: var(--reading-text);
}

.guide-layer-description {
    font-family: 'Inter', sans-serif;
    font-size: 0.72rem;
    font-weight: 300;
    line-height: 1.45;
    color: var(--reading-text-light);
}

/* ============================================
   STACKED PAGE-BOX COMPONENT
   (shared by reading guide + layer indicator)
   ============================================ */

.lbox {
    position: absolute;
    top: 0;
    bottom: 0;
    width: 1.45rem;
    border: 2px solid transparent;
    background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.8);
    box-shadow:
        0 1px 5px rgba(50, 50, 93, 0.18),
        0 2px 4px -3px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.45);
}

.lbox:last-child {
    border-color: var(--kanan-orange);
}

/* ============================================
   CENTRAL READING COLUMN — chapter cards
   ============================================ */

.reading-column {
    margin-left: 22%;
    padding: 3.5rem 0 6rem;
}

/* --- Masthead: simple, elegant title section at the top of the article --- */

.publication-masthead {
    /* Explicit resets: styles-v2.css styles the bare <header> element as the
       navy site bar (flex + shadow) — neutralize all of it here. */
    display: block;
    background: transparent;
    color: inherit;
    box-shadow: none;
    z-index: auto;
    margin: 2.5rem 2rem 0 5.5rem;
    padding: 2.5rem 3.3rem 2.8rem;
    max-width: 68rem;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--pub-border);
}

.masthead-kicker {
    font-family: 'Telegraf', 'Inter', sans-serif;
    font-size: 0.72rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: 0.18em;
    color: var(--kanan-orange);
    margin-bottom: 1.1rem;
}

.masthead-title {
    font-family: 'Cormorant Garamond', Georgia, serif;
    font-size: 3.2rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: var(--kanan-blue);
    line-height: 1.08;
    letter-spacing: -0.02em;
    margin-bottom: 1.3rem;
}

.masthead-byline {
    font-family: 'Telegraf', 'Inter', sans-serif;
    font-size: 0.8rem;
    letter-spacing: 0.03em;
    color: var(--reading-text-light);
    margin-bottom: 1.6rem;
}

.masthead-byline .byline-sep {
    margin: 0 0.55em;
    opacity: 0.5;
}

.masthead-lede {
    font-family: 'Cormorant Garamond', Georgia, serif;
    font-size: 1.35rem;
    line-height: 1.6;
    color: #4a4d52;
    max-width: 46rem;
}

/* --- Key Takeaways (AUTHORING.md §4; approved design tokens) ---
   Container/label/summary/divider/bullets are the founder-approved reference:
   #B45309 amber accents, Inter text, 12px radius, ✓ bullet checks. */

.pub-takeaways {
    position: relative;
    margin: 2.8rem 2rem 1rem 5.5rem;
    padding: 2rem 2.25rem;
    max-width: 68rem;
    background: #FFFFFF;
    border: 1px solid #F1F3F5;
    border-top: 3px solid #B45309;
    border-radius: 12px;
}

.pub-takeaways-kicker {
    font-family: 'Inter', sans-serif;
    font-size: 11px;
    font-weight: 500;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: 0.15em;
    color: #B45309;
    margin-bottom: 14px;
}

.pub-takeaways-summary {
    font-family: 'Inter', sans-serif;
    font-size: 16px;
    font-weight: 400;
    line-height: 1.6;
    color: #1C1C1E;
    margin: 0 0 20px;
}

.pub-takeaways-summary strong,
.pub-takeaways-summary .hl {
    font-weight: 500;
}

.pub-takeaways-rule {
    height: 1px;
    background: #F1F3F5;
    border: 0;
    margin: 0 0 18px;
}

.pub-takeaways-list {
    list-style: none;
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
}

.pub-takeaways-list li {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: row;
    gap: 12px;
    margin-bottom: 14px;
}

.pub-takeaways-list li:last-child {
    margin-bottom: 0;
}

.pub-takeaway-check {
    color: #B45309;
    font-size: 16px;
    line-height: 1.35;
    flex-shrink: 0;
}

.pub-takeaway-text {
    font-family: 'Inter', sans-serif;
    font-size: 14px;
    line-height: 1.55;
    color: #4A4A4C;
}

.pub-takeaway-text strong,
.pub-takeaway-text .hl {
    font-weight: 500;
    color: #1C1C1E;
}

@media (max-width: 640px) {
    .pub-takeaways {
        padding: 1.5rem;
    }
}

/* --- Masthead trust signal: visible Last reviewed date --- */

.masthead-reviewed {
    font-family: 'Telegraf', 'Inter', sans-serif;
    font-size: 0.78rem;
    letter-spacing: 0.04em;
    color: var(--kanan-blue);
    margin: -0.9rem 0 1.6rem;
}

.masthead-reviewed time {
    font-weight: 600;
}

.masthead-kicker .masthead-cluster {
    color: inherit;
    text-decoration: none;
    border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(219, 74, 43, 0.35);
}

.masthead-kicker .masthead-cluster:hover {
    border-bottom-color: currentColor;
}

/* --- Article foot apparatus: FAQ, Sources, Boundary --- */

.pub-faq,
.pub-sources,
.pub-boundary {
    margin: 2.5rem 2rem 1rem 5.5rem;
    padding: 2rem 2.25rem;
    max-width: 68rem;
    background: var(--pub-card);
    border: 1px solid var(--pub-border-subtle);
    border-radius: 12px;
}

.pub-foot-kicker {
    font-family: 'Telegraf', 'Inter', sans-serif;
    font-size: 0.68rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: 0.18em;
    color: var(--kanan-blue);
    margin-bottom: 1.2rem;
}

.pub-sources-list {
    list-style: decimal;
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0 0 0 1.4rem;
}

.pub-source {
    display: list-item;
    color: var(--reading-text);
    margin-bottom: 1.1rem;
}

.pub-source:last-child {
    margin-bottom: 0;
}

.pub-source-title {
    font-family: 'Inter', sans-serif;
    font-size: 0.92rem;
    font-weight: 500;
    line-height: 1.45;
    color: var(--reading-text);
    text-decoration: none;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--pub-border);
}

.pub-source-title:hover {
    border-bottom-color: var(--reading-text);
}

.pub-source-meta {
    font-family: 'Telegraf', 'Inter', sans-serif;
    font-size: 0.74rem;
    letter-spacing: 0.03em;
    color: var(--reading-text-light);
    margin-top: 0.3rem;
}

.pub-boundary {
    border-left: 3px solid var(--kanan-blue);
}

.pub-boundary-statement {
    font-family: 'Inter', sans-serif;
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    line-height: 1.6;
    color: var(--reading-text);
    margin: 0 0 0.8rem;
}

.pub-boundary-statement:last-child {
    margin-bottom: 0;
}

.pub-faq-item {
    margin-bottom: 1.4rem;
}

.pub-faq-item:last-child {
    margin-bottom: 0;
}

.pub-faq-q {
    font-family: 'Inter', sans-serif;
    font-size: 1rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    color: var(--kanan-blue);
    margin: 0 0 0.45rem;
}

.pub-faq-a {
    font-family: 'Inter', sans-serif;
    font-size: 0.92rem;
    line-height: 1.6;
    color: var(--reading-text);
    margin: 0;
}

@media (max-width: 640px) {

    .pub-faq,
    .pub-sources,
    .pub-boundary {
        padding: 1.5rem;
    }
}

/* Chapter section: transparent so it reads as the cream "ground". The white,
   shadowed subsection tiles inside are the only raised surfaces — that contrast
   is what signals they're the interactive elements. */
.chapter-card {
    position: relative;
    margin: 4.5rem 2rem 4.5rem 5.5rem;
    padding: 3.3rem 3.3rem 2.6rem;
    max-width: 68rem;
    background: transparent;
}

.chapter-card:first-child {
    margin-top: 1.5rem;
}

.chapter-kicker {
    font-family: 'Telegraf', 'Inter', sans-serif;
    font-size: 0.7rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: 0.16em;
    color: var(--kanan-orange);
    margin-bottom: 0.9rem;
}

.chapter-title {
    font-family: 'Cormorant Garamond', Georgia, serif;
    font-size: 2.7rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: var(--kanan-blue);
    line-height: 1.12;
    letter-spacing: -0.02em;
    margin-bottom: 1.6rem;
}

.chapter-content {
    font-family: 'Inter', sans-serif;
    font-weight: 400;
    font-size: 1.2rem;
    line-height: 1.65;
    color: var(--reading-text);
}

.chapter-content p {
    margin-bottom: 1.4rem;
}

.chapter-content strong,
.subsection-teaser strong {
    font-weight: 600;
    color: var(--kanan-blue);
}

.chapter-content em,
.subsection-teaser em {
    font-style: italic;
}

/* --- Article body: figures, tables, code ---
   html.publications-html sets overflow-x:hidden, so anything wider than the
   column is clipped and unreachable rather than scrollable. Everything below
   either fits the column or scrolls inside its own box. */

.chapter-content img {
    max-width: 100%;
    height: auto;
    display: block;
    border-radius: 8px;
    margin: 2rem auto;
}

.chapter-content figure {
    margin: 2.5rem 0;
}

.chapter-content figcaption {
    margin-top: 0.75rem;
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    line-height: 1.5;
    color: var(--reading-text-light);
    text-align: center;
}

/* A table's min-content width is its longest cell — it cannot compress to a
   phone. The generator wraps every table in .table-scroll so the overflow
   becomes a scroll the reader can reach, instead of a silent clip. */
.table-scroll {
    overflow-x: auto;
    -webkit-overflow-scrolling: touch;
    margin: 2rem 0;
}

.chapter-content table {
    border-collapse: collapse;
    width: 100%;
    font-size: 1rem;
    line-height: 1.5;
}

.chapter-content th,
.chapter-content td {
    padding: 0.7rem 0.9rem;
    text-align: left;
    vertical-align: top;
    border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(10, 47, 82, 0.14);
}

.chapter-content th {
    font-weight: 600;
    color: var(--kanan-blue);
    border-bottom-width: 2px;
    white-space: nowrap;
}

.chapter-content code {
    font-family: 'SFMono-Regular', Consolas, 'Liberation Mono', Menlo, monospace;
    font-size: 0.9em;
    padding: 0.15em 0.4em;
    border-radius: 4px;
    background: rgba(10, 47, 82, 0.06);
    overflow-wrap: break-word;
}

.chapter-content pre {
    overflow-x: auto;
    -webkit-overflow-scrolling: touch;
    margin: 2rem 0;
    padding: 1.1rem 1.25rem;
    border-radius: 8px;
    background: rgba(10, 47, 82, 0.05);
    line-height: 1.55;
}

.chapter-content pre code {
    padding: 0;
    background: none;
    white-space: pre;
}

/* --- Bordered subsection card (one per H2) --- */

/* Aligned flush with the chapter heading/body (no overhang) */
.subsection-card {
    position: relative;
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    min-height: 12rem;
    margin: 3rem 0 4.5rem;
    padding: 2.3rem 2.6rem 0 2.8rem;
    background: var(--pub-card);
    border: 1px solid var(--pub-border);
    /* Apple-style resting elevation: tight contact shadow + soft ambient lift,
       so the tile reads as a raised, clickable object even before hover. */
    box-shadow:
        0 1px 2px rgba(10, 47, 82, 0.05),
        0 10px 30px -14px rgba(10, 47, 82, 0.16);
    cursor: pointer;
    transition:
        transform 0.25s ease-out,
        box-shadow 0.25s ease-out,
        border-color 0.2s ease-out;
}

.subsection-card:last-child {
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

.subsection-card:hover {
    transform: translateY(-3px);
    border-color: var(--pub-border);
    box-shadow:
        0 4px 10px rgba(10, 47, 82, 0.06),
        0 22px 48px -18px rgba(10, 47, 82, 0.26);
}

/* Active card: lit above the dim backdrop; it has "lifted into" the panel, so
   drop the resting elevation and sit flat on the dim ground. */
.subsection-card.active {
    background: var(--pub-dim);
    border-color: transparent;
    box-shadow: none;
    transform: none;
    z-index: 96;
    pointer-events: none;
}

.subsection-card::before {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    top: 0;
    left: 0;
    height: 0.8rem;
    width: 0.8rem;
    background: var(--kanan-orange);
    border-radius: 100%;
    transform: translate(-50%, -50%) scale(0);
    transition: transform 0.3s ease-out;
    z-index: 3;
}

.subsection-card::after {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    top: 0;
    left: 0;
    width: 1px;
    height: 1px;
    background: rgba(10, 47, 82, 0.5);
    transform-origin: left center;
    transition: transform 0.1s ease-out;
    z-index: 2;
}

.subsection-card.active::before {
    animation: pub-popin 0.5s ease-out 0s forwards;
}

.subsection-card.active::after {
    transform: scaleX(1400);
    transition: transform 0.8s ease-out 0.3s;
}

.subsection-id {
    font-family: 'Telegraf', 'Inter', sans-serif;
    font-size: 0.75rem;
    color: var(--pub-gray);
    margin-bottom: 0.3rem;
}

.subsection-title {
    font-family: 'Cormorant Garamond', Georgia, serif;
    font-size: 1.9rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: var(--kanan-blue);
    line-height: 1.25;
    margin: 0.2rem 0 0.7rem;
}

.subsection-teaser {
    flex-grow: 1;
    font-family: 'Inter', sans-serif;
    font-weight: 400;
    font-size: 1.15rem;
    line-height: 1.65;
    color: var(--reading-text);
}

.subsection-teaser p {
    margin: 0;
}

.subsection-notes {
    font-family: 'Telegraf', 'Inter', sans-serif;
    font-size: 0.72rem;
    line-height: 1.6;
    color: var(--pub-gray);
    margin: 1.5rem 0 1.8rem;
}

.subsection-notes .notes-label {
    font-weight: 600;
    margin-bottom: 0.3rem;
}

/* Note rows are real <button>s that deep-open Layer 3 (L2+L3 stacked) */
.note-item {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: space-between;
    width: 100%;
    min-height: 2.75rem;
    padding: 0.4rem 0;
    appearance: none;
    background: none;
    border: 0;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--pub-border-subtle);
    font-family: 'Telegraf', 'Inter', sans-serif;
    font-size: 0.72rem;
    line-height: 1.6;
    text-align: left;
    color: var(--kanan-blue);
    cursor: pointer;
    touch-action: manipulation;
    transition: color 0.2s ease;
}

.note-item::after {
    content: '\2192';
    margin-left: 0.9em;
    color: var(--kanan-orange);
    transition: transform 0.3s ease-out;
}

.note-item:hover,
.note-item:active {
    color: var(--kanan-orange);
}

.note-item:hover::after {
    transform: translateX(0.35em);
}

/* --- "Get the details" strip --- */

.more-strip {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    margin: 1.75rem -2.6rem 0 -2.8rem;
    padding: 1.15rem 1.8rem;
    line-height: 1.4;
    /* Rest: a legible terracotta CTA bar (not the old near-invisible whisper),
       with orange label — a persistent, unmistakable "click to open" affordance. */
    background: #f6e6dc;
    border-top: 1px solid rgba(219, 74, 43, 0.22);
    font-family: 'Telegraf', 'Inter', sans-serif;
    font-size: 0.78rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    letter-spacing: 0.06em;
    color: var(--kanan-orange);
    transition: background 0.2s ease-out, color 0.2s ease-out, border-color 0.2s ease-out;
}

/* Hover: the bar fills solid orange and inverts to white — reads as a button. */
.subsection-card:hover .more-strip {
    background: var(--kanan-orange);
    border-top-color: var(--kanan-orange);
    color: #fff;
}

.more-strip .more-icon {
    margin-left: 0.9em;
    color: inherit;
    transition: transform 0.3s ease-out;
}

.subsection-card:hover .more-icon {
    transform: translateX(0.45em);
}

/* Loading state */
.loading-state {
    text-align: center;
    padding: 5rem 2rem;
    color: var(--reading-text-light);
    font-family: 'Telegraf', 'Inter', sans-serif;
}

/* ============================================
   LAYER INDICATOR — fixed top-right
   "CURRENT LAYER | NAME" + stacked boxes
   ============================================ */

.layer-indicator {
    position: fixed;
    top: 4.6rem;
    right: 2.5rem;
    z-index: 130;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    font-family: 'Telegraf', 'Inter', sans-serif;
    font-size: 0.6875rem;
    letter-spacing: 0.1em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    color: var(--pub-gray);
    white-space: nowrap;
    pointer-events: none;
}

.layer-name {
    position: relative;
    margin-left: 1em;
    padding: 1em;
    color: var(--kanan-blue);
    font-weight: 600;
    letter-spacing: 0.14em;
}

.layer-name::before {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    top: 50%;
    left: 0;
    width: 1px;
    height: 1em;
    background: #b9bcc2;
    transform: translateY(-50%);
}

.layer-boxes {
    position: relative;
    height: 2rem;
    width: 1.45rem;
    margin-left: 0.4em;
}

/* ============================================
   RIGHT-GUTTER SUBSCRIBE — "Weekly Brief"
   Fixed in the right negative space. z-index sits
   BELOW the backdrops (95) and panels (100/110) so
   Layer 2/3 slide over and fully cover it. Revealed
   only where the gutter is wide enough (see media
   query at the foot of this block); the site footer
   carries the same signup on narrower screens.
   ============================================ */

.pub-sub {
    position: fixed;
    top: 50%;
    right: 2rem;
    transform: translateY(-50%);
    width: 14rem;
    z-index: 30;
    display: none;
    padding-left: 1.4rem;
    border-left: 2px solid var(--kanan-orange);
}

.pub-sub-kicker {
    font-family: 'Telegraf', 'Inter', sans-serif;
    font-size: 0.62rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: 0.2em;
    color: var(--kanan-orange);
    margin-bottom: 0.7rem;
}

.pub-sub-title {
    font-family: 'Cormorant Garamond', Georgia, serif;
    font-size: 1.5rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    line-height: 1.2;
    letter-spacing: -0.01em;
    color: var(--kanan-blue);
    margin: 0 0 1.1rem;
}

.pub-sub-form {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 0.5rem;
}

.pub-sub-input {
    width: 100%;
    font-family: 'Inter', sans-serif;
    font-size: 0.82rem;
    color: var(--reading-text);
    background: var(--pub-card);
    border: 1px solid var(--pub-border);
    border-radius: 3px;
    padding: 0.6rem 0.7rem;
    transition: border-color 0.15s ease, box-shadow 0.15s ease;
}

.pub-sub-input::placeholder {
    color: var(--pub-gray);
}

.pub-sub-input:focus {
    outline: none;
    border-color: var(--kanan-orange);
    box-shadow: 0 0 0 3px rgba(219, 74, 43, 0.12);
}

.pub-sub-btn {
    width: 100%;
    font-family: 'Telegraf', 'Inter', sans-serif;
    font-size: 0.72rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    letter-spacing: 0.08em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    color: #fff;
    background: var(--kanan-orange);
    border: none;
    border-radius: 3px;
    padding: 0.62rem 0.7rem;
    cursor: pointer;
    transition: background 0.15s ease, transform 0.1s ease;
}

.pub-sub-btn:hover {
    background: #c23e22;
}

.pub-sub-btn:active {
    transform: translateY(1px);
}

.pub-sub-btn:disabled {
    opacity: 0.6;
    cursor: default;
}

.pub-sub-note {
    font-family: 'Inter', sans-serif;
    font-size: 0.66rem;
    line-height: 1.45;
    color: var(--pub-gray);
    margin: 0.75rem 0 0;
}

.pub-sub-success {
    display: none;
    font-family: 'Cormorant Garamond', Georgia, serif;
    font-size: 1.05rem;
    line-height: 1.5;
    color: var(--kanan-blue);
}

.pub-sub.is-success .pub-sub-form,
.pub-sub.is-success .pub-sub-note {
    display: none;
}

.pub-sub.is-success .pub-sub-success {
    display: block;
}

.pub-sub-linkedin {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 0.5rem;
    margin-top: 1.2rem;
    padding-top: 1.1rem;
    border-top: 1px solid var(--pub-border-subtle);
    font-family: 'Inter', sans-serif;
    font-size: 0.75rem;
    color: var(--reading-text-light);
    text-decoration: none;
    transition: color 0.15s ease;
}

.pub-sub-linkedin svg {
    flex-shrink: 0;
    opacity: 0.8;
}

.pub-sub-linkedin:hover {
    color: var(--kanan-blue);
}

.pub-sub-linkedin:hover svg {
    opacity: 1;
}

/* Reveal only where the right gutter clears the 68rem reading column
   with a comfortable gap. Below this, the block stays hidden and the site
   footer's signup covers the reader. */
@media (min-width: 1900px) {
    .pub-sub {
        display: block;
    }
}

@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
    .pub-sub-input,
    .pub-sub-btn,
    .pub-sub-linkedin,
    .pub-sub-linkedin svg {
        transition: none;
    }
}

/* ============================================
   INLINE "WEEKLY BRIEF" SIGNUP
   End-of-article fallback — the complement of the
   fixed .pub-sub gutter block: shown by default,
   hidden >=1900px where the gutter block takes over.
   ============================================ */

.pub-signup-inline {
    margin: 4.5rem 2rem 1rem 5.5rem;
    max-width: 68rem;
    padding: 2.4rem 3rem 2.6rem;
    background: var(--pub-card);
    border: 1px solid var(--pub-border-subtle);
    border-top: 3px solid var(--kanan-orange);
    box-shadow:
        0 1px 2px rgba(10, 47, 82, 0.05),
        0 14px 40px -18px rgba(10, 47, 82, 0.18);
}

.pub-signup-inline-title {
    font-family: 'Cormorant Garamond', Georgia, serif;
    font-size: 1.85rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    line-height: 1.15;
    letter-spacing: -0.01em;
    color: var(--kanan-blue);
    margin: 0.4rem 0 1.3rem;
}

/* Horizontal form inside the roomy inline card (email grows, button hugs) */
.pub-signup-inline .pub-sub-form {
    flex-direction: row;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: 0.6rem;
    max-width: 34rem;
}

.pub-signup-inline .pub-sub-input {
    flex: 1;
    min-width: 12rem;
    width: auto;
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    padding: 0.7rem 0.85rem;
}

.pub-signup-inline .pub-sub-btn {
    width: auto;
    white-space: nowrap;
    padding: 0.7rem 1.4rem;
}

.pub-signup-inline .pub-sub-note {
    font-size: 0.72rem;
}

.pub-signup-inline.is-success .pub-sub-form,
.pub-signup-inline.is-success .pub-sub-note {
    display: none;
}

.pub-signup-inline.is-success .pub-sub-success {
    display: block;
}

@media (min-width: 1900px) {
    .pub-signup-inline {
        display: none;   /* the fixed gutter block takes over */
    }
}

@media (max-width: 1200px) {
    .pub-signup-inline {
        margin-left: 3.5rem;
        padding: 2.2rem 2.4rem 2.4rem;
    }
}

@media (max-width: 1024px) {
    .pub-signup-inline {
        margin: 3.5rem auto 0;
        max-width: 46rem;
    }
}

@media (max-width: 560px) {
    .pub-signup-inline .pub-sub-form {
        flex-direction: column;
        max-width: none;
    }
    .pub-signup-inline .pub-sub-btn {
        width: 100%;
    }
}

/* ============================================
   LENIS SMOOTH SCROLL
   Classes are added to <html> by js/publications.js
   once Lenis attaches. Nested scrollers (sidebar,
   panel bodies) opt out via [data-lenis-prevent].
   ============================================ */

html.lenis,
html.lenis body {
    height: auto;
}

.lenis.lenis-smooth {
    scroll-behavior: auto !important;
}

.lenis.lenis-smooth [data-lenis-prevent] {
    overscroll-behavior: contain;
}

.lenis.lenis-stopped {
    overflow: hidden;
}

/* Scroll lock while a reading panel is open (applied by lockScroll() in
   publications.js at all widths). Also hides the staggered-menu header and
   disables its invisible top-edge ghost zone so the panel-close button and
   top content aren't covered by nav layers (menu z 1000-1003 > panels 100/110).
   visibility beats GSAP's inline y/opacity; the ghost zone's pointer-events
   are set inline by JS, hence !important. */
html.pub-locked,
html.pub-locked body {
    overflow: hidden;
}

html.pub-locked .staggered-menu-header {
    visibility: hidden !important;
}

html.pub-locked .sm-ghost-zone {
    pointer-events: none !important;
}

/* Reduced motion: Lenis never initialises (JS-gated); also drop the native
   smooth-scroll so anchor jumps are instant for these users. */
@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
    html.publications-html {
        scroll-behavior: auto;
    }
}

/* ============================================
   PER-LAYER DIM BACKDROPS
   (created by JS; click = close that layer)
   ============================================ */

.layer-backdrop {
    position: fixed;
    inset: 0;
    background: var(--pub-dim);
    cursor: pointer;
    opacity: 0;
    transition: opacity 0.3s ease-out;
    z-index: 95;
    touch-action: none;
}

.layer-backdrop.on {
    opacity: 0.7;
}

.layer-backdrop.backdrop-indepth {
    z-index: 105;
}

/* ============================================
   READING PANELS — light surfaces from right
   L2: 70vw · L3: 50vw, stacks and pushes L2 left
   ============================================ */

.reading-panel {
    position: fixed;
    top: 0;
    right: 0;
    height: 100vh;
    height: 100dvh;   /* iOS: track the dynamic toolbar viewport */
    background: var(--pub-card);
    touch-action: pan-y;   /* vertical pan native; horizontal cancelable for swipe-to-close */
    border-left: 1px solid var(--kanan-blue);
    box-shadow:
        0 30px 60px -12px rgba(6, 17, 59, 0.25),
        -5px 0 10px rgba(6, 17, 59, 0.1);
    z-index: 100;
    overflow: visible;   /* the .spot pokes past the left edge */
    transform: translateX(110%);
    transition:
        transform 0.4s ease-out,
        right 0.4s ease-out;
    will-change: transform;
}

.reading-panel.open {
    transform: translateX(0);
}

.analysis-panel {
    width: min(77rem, 70vw);
}

.indepth-panel {
    width: min(55rem, 50vw);
    z-index: 110;
}

/* When In-Depth opens, Analysis shifts left leaving a visible band */
.analysis-panel.pushed {
    right: 11rem;
}

/* --- Connector spot (panel left edge, mid-height) --- */

.reading-panel .spot {
    position: absolute;
    top: 50%;
    left: 0;
    height: 1.05rem;
    width: 1.05rem;
    background: var(--kanan-orange);
    border-radius: 100%;
    transform: translate(-50%, -50%) scale(0);
    transition: 0.6s ease-out;
    z-index: 3;
}

.reading-panel .spot::before {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    top: 50%;
    left: 50%;
    height: 1.9rem;
    width: 1.9rem;
    background: var(--kanan-orange);
    opacity: 0.2;
    border-radius: 100%;
    transform: translate(-50%, -50%) scale(0);
    transition: 0.6s ease-out;
    z-index: 2;
}

.reading-panel .spot::after {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    top: 50%;
    right: 0;
    width: 1px;
    height: 1px;
    background: rgba(10, 47, 82, 0.5);
    transform-origin: left center;
    transition: transform 0.1s ease-out;
    z-index: 1;
}

.reading-panel.open .spot {
    animation: pub-popin 0.5s ease-out 0.7s forwards;
}

.reading-panel.open .spot::before {
    animation: pub-popin 0.5s ease-out 0.9s forwards;
}

/* L2 covered by L3: spot shrinks, halo hides, line draws toward L3 */
.analysis-panel.pushed .spot {
    animation: none;
    transform: translate(-50%, -50%) scale(0.76) !important;
}

.analysis-panel.pushed .spot::before {
    animation: none;
    transform: translate(-50%, -50%) scale(0) !important;
}

.analysis-panel.pushed .spot::after {
    transform: scaleX(700);
    transition: transform 0.8s ease-out 0.3s;
}

@keyframes pub-popin {
    0%   { transform: translate(-50%, -50%) scale(0); }
    80%  { transform: translate(-50%, -50%) scale(1.2); }
    90%  { transform: translate(-50%, -50%) scale(0.9); }
    100% { transform: translate(-50%, -50%) scale(1); }
}

/* --- Panel inner --- */

.panel-scroll {
    height: 100%;
    overflow-y: auto;
    overscroll-behavior: contain;   /* no scroll chaining to the page, Lenis or not */
    -webkit-overflow-scrolling: touch;
    padding: 5.5rem 4rem 4.5rem 4.5rem;
}

.panel-close {
    position: absolute;
    top: 1.3rem;
    left: 1.3rem;
    z-index: 5;
    background: transparent;
    border: none;
    padding: 0.5rem;
    border-radius: 4px;
    cursor: pointer;
    color: var(--pub-gray);
    transition: all 0.2s ease;
}

.panel-close:hover {
    color: var(--kanan-blue);
    background: rgba(10, 47, 82, 0.06);
}

/* Scoped + explicit overrides: styles-v2.css defines a global navy-band
   .panel-header and gray .panel-content for the tracker panels — neutralize. */
.reading-panel .panel-header {
    display: block;
    background: transparent;
    color: inherit;
    margin-bottom: 2.2rem;
    padding: 0 0 1.6rem;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--pub-border-subtle);
    border-radius: 0;
}

.panel-layer-tag {
    display: block;
    font-family: 'Telegraf', 'Inter', sans-serif;
    font-size: 0.7rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: 0.14em;
    color: var(--kanan-orange);
    margin-bottom: 0.9rem;
}

.reading-panel .panel-title {
    font-family: 'Cormorant Garamond', Georgia, serif;
    font-size: 2.3rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: var(--kanan-blue);
    margin: 0;
    line-height: 1.15;
    letter-spacing: -0.01em;
}

.reading-panel .panel-content {
    flex: none;
    overflow: visible;
    background: transparent;
    padding: 0;
    transform: none;
    font-family: 'Inter', sans-serif;
    font-weight: 400;
    font-size: 1.1875rem;
    line-height: 1.65;
    color: var(--reading-text);
}

.reading-panel .panel-content p {
    margin-bottom: 1.4rem;
}

.reading-panel .panel-content p:last-child {
    margin-bottom: 0;
}

.reading-panel .panel-content strong {
    font-weight: 600;
    color: var(--kanan-blue);
}

.reading-panel .panel-content em {
    font-style: italic;
}

/* --- "More about" boxes (H3 triggers inside Analysis panel) --- */

.subsection-links {
    margin-top: 2.8rem;
}

.subsection-links::before {
    content: 'More about';
    display: block;
    font-family: 'Telegraf', 'Inter', sans-serif;
    font-size: 0.72rem;
    color: var(--pub-gray);
    padding-bottom: 0.45rem;
    margin-bottom: 0.2rem;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--kanan-blue);
}

/* Rendered as a real <button> (reliable tap target); reset button chrome */
.subsection-link {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: space-between;
    width: 100%;
    min-height: 3rem;
    margin-top: 0.65rem;
    padding: 0.9rem 1.2rem;
    appearance: none;
    border: 1px solid rgba(10, 47, 82, 0.18);
    background: #faf8f3;
    font-family: 'Telegraf', 'Inter', sans-serif;
    font-size: 0.85rem;
    text-align: left;
    color: var(--kanan-blue);
    cursor: pointer;
    touch-action: manipulation;
    transition: border-color 0.2s ease, background 0.2s ease;
}

.subsection-link:hover,
.subsection-link:active {
    border-color: var(--kanan-orange);
    background: #ffffff;
}

.subsection-link-arrow {
    margin-left: 1em;
    transition: transform 0.3s ease-out;
}

.subsection-link:hover .subsection-link-arrow {
    transform: translateX(0.35em);
}

/* ============================================
   MOBILE TOP BAR — Contents + How to read
   (built by setupMobileBar() in publications.js;
   replaces the hidden sidebar at ≤1024px)
   ============================================ */

.pub-mobile-bar {
    display: none;
}

@media (max-width: 1024px) {
    .pub-mobile-bar {
        display: block;
        max-width: 46rem;
        margin: 0 auto 0.5rem;
        padding: 0 1.4rem;
    }

    .pub-dropdown {
        background: var(--pub-sidebar);
        border: 1px solid var(--pub-border-subtle);
        margin-bottom: 0.6rem;
    }

    .pub-dropdown summary {
        list-style: none;
        display: flex;
        justify-content: space-between;
        align-items: center;
        padding: 0.95rem 1.15rem;
        cursor: pointer;
        font-family: 'Telegraf', 'Inter', sans-serif;
        font-size: 0.7rem;
        font-weight: 600;
        text-transform: uppercase;
        letter-spacing: 0.16em;
        color: var(--kanan-blue);
    }

    .pub-dropdown summary::-webkit-details-marker {
        display: none;
    }

    .pub-dropdown summary::after {
        content: '+';
        color: var(--kanan-orange);
        font-size: 1rem;
        line-height: 1;
    }

    .pub-dropdown[open] summary::after {
        content: '\2212';
    }

    .pub-dropdown-body {
        padding: 0.4rem 1.15rem 1.2rem;
        border-top: 1px solid var(--pub-border-subtle);
    }

    /* Flatten the cloned TOC: no LineSidebar geometry in the dropdown */
    .pub-mobile-bar .toc-list {
        padding-left: 0;
    }

    .pub-mobile-bar .toc-marker,
    .pub-mobile-bar .toc-item::after {
        display: none;
    }

    .pub-mobile-bar .toc-item-row {
        transform: none;
    }
}

/* ============================================
   ERROR STATE
   ============================================ */

.error-state {
    text-align: center;
    padding: 4rem 2rem;
}

/* ============================================
   FOOTER
   ============================================ */

.publications-footer {
    margin-top: auto;
    background: var(--brand-navy);
    padding: 1.75rem 2rem;
}

.publications-footer .footer-byline,
.publications-footer .footer-links,
.publications-footer .footer-links a {
    color: var(--brand-cream);
}

.publications-footer .footer-byline {
    opacity: 0.6;
}

.publications-footer .footer-links {
    opacity: 0.4;
}

.publications-footer .footer-links a:hover {
    opacity: 0.8;
}

/* ============================================
   REDUCED MOTION
   ============================================ */

@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
    .reading-panel {
        transition: transform 0.2s ease-out;
    }

    .reading-panel.open .spot,
    .reading-panel.open .spot::before,
    .subsection-card.active::before {
        animation: none;
        transform: translate(-50%, -50%) scale(1);
    }

    .subsection-card.active::after,
    .analysis-panel.pushed .spot::after {
        transition: none;
    }
}

/* ============================================
   RESPONSIVE
   ============================================ */

@media (max-width: 1200px) {
    .chapter-card {
        margin-left: 3.5rem;
        padding: 2.6rem 2.6rem 2.2rem;
    }

    .pub-takeaways,
    .pub-faq,
    .pub-sources,
    .pub-boundary {
        margin-left: 3.5rem;
    }
}

@media (max-width: 1024px) {
    /* Sidebar hidden → article uses the full width */
    .toc-sidebar {
        display: none;
    }

    .reading-column {
        margin-left: 0;
        padding: 3rem 0 4.5rem;
    }

    .publication-masthead {
        margin: 1.5rem auto 0;
        padding: 2rem 2.2rem 2.4rem;
        max-width: 46rem;
    }

    .masthead-title {
        font-size: 2.4rem;
    }

    .chapter-card {
        margin: 3.5rem auto;
        padding: 2.4rem 2.2rem 2rem;
        max-width: 46rem;
    }

    .pub-takeaways {
        margin: 2.5rem auto 0;
        max-width: 46rem;
    }

    .pub-faq,
    .pub-sources,
    .pub-boundary {
        margin: 2.5rem auto 0;
        max-width: 46rem;
    }

    .subsection-card {
        margin: 2.5rem 0 3.5rem;
        padding: 2rem 1.8rem 0 2rem;
    }

    .more-strip {
        margin: 1.5rem -1.8rem 0 -2rem;
    }

    /* --- Popup mode: panels are near-full-screen self-contained popups.
       A 12vw dimmed gutter stays visible on the left as the "closeable"
       affordance; L3 stacks fully over L2 (no pushed band). --- */

    .analysis-panel,
    .indepth-panel {
        width: 88vw;
        max-width: none;
        border-left: 1px solid var(--pub-border);
    }

    .analysis-panel.pushed {
        right: 0;
    }

    .reading-panel .spot {
        display: none;
    }

    .layer-indicator {
        display: none;
    }

    /* Left-edge grabber pill: swipe-right-to-close affordance */
    .reading-panel.open::after {
        content: '';
        position: absolute;
        left: 0.45rem;
        top: 50%;
        width: 3px;
        height: 2.6rem;
        border-radius: 2px;
        background: var(--pub-border);
        transform: translateY(-50%);
    }

    /* Close button: 44px chip, clear of content, always reachable */
    .panel-close {
        top: max(0.9rem, env(safe-area-inset-top));
        left: 0.9rem;
        width: 2.75rem;
        height: 2.75rem;
        display: flex;
        align-items: center;
        justify-content: center;
        padding: 0;
        background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.92);
        border: 1px solid var(--pub-border);
        border-radius: 50%;
        color: var(--kanan-blue);
    }

    .panel-scroll {
        padding: 4.5rem 1.8rem 3rem 2rem;
    }
}

@media (max-width: 768px) {
    .chapter-title {
        font-size: 2rem;
    }

    .chapter-content {
        font-size: 1.1rem;
    }

    .subsection-title {
        font-size: 1.5rem;
    }

    .panel-scroll {
        padding: 4.5rem 1.6rem 3rem;
    }
}

@media (max-width: 480px) {
    .publication-masthead {
        padding: 1.6rem 1.4rem 2rem;
    }

    .masthead-title {
        font-size: 1.9rem;
    }

    .masthead-lede {
        font-size: 1.15rem;
    }

    .chapter-card {
        margin: 2.5rem auto;
        padding: 1.8rem 1.4rem 1.6rem;
    }


    .subsection-card {
        padding: 1.6rem 1.3rem 0 1.5rem;
    }

    .more-strip {
        margin: 1.5rem -1.3rem 0 -1.5rem;
    }

    .chapter-title {
        font-size: 1.7rem;
    }

    .panel-title {
        font-size: 1.6rem;
    }

    .panel-scroll {
        padding: 4rem 1.25rem 2.5rem;
    }
}